Heerka Hubka Waddamada Yurub iyo Aasiya

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Heerarka waxqabadka hubka jidhku waa liis ay soo saareen mas'uuliyiinta qaranka, shuruudaha hubka si ay u fuliyaan si la isku halleyn karo, taasoo si cad u tilmaamaysa waxa hubku laga yaabo iyo laga yaabo inaan laga adkaan. Waddamo kala duwan ayaa leh heerar kala duwan, kuwaas oo laga yaabo inay ku jiraan hanjabaado aan ka jirin dalalka kale.

Halbeegga hubka TR (Jarmalka)

Technische Richtlinie (TR) Ballistische Schutzwesten waa hagaha sharciyeynta ee Jarmalka ee hubka jirka. Waxaa inta badan loo soo saaraa hubka jirka ee ay isticmaalaan booliiska Jarmalka, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa loogu talagalay ciidamada qalabka sida ee Jarmalka iyo hubka rayidka ah ee diyaarsan. Soosaarayaashu waa inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha TR, haddii ay rabaan inay ka qaybqaataan tartan furan oo ay sameeyeen wakaaladaha Jarmalka. TR wuxuu qeexayaa Schutzklassen kala duwan (SK), taas oo u tarjumeysa fasallada ilaalinta , kuwaas oo hubka jidhku yeelan karo. Waxay qeexaysaa shan fasal oo kala duwan oo u dhexeeya L ilaa 4 ee ilaalinta ballistic (sida SK 4). Waxa kale oo ay ku siinaysaa tilmaamo dheeraad ah Stichschutz (ST), ka ilaalinta mindiyaha, iyada oo la isticmaalayo fasal la mid ah ilaalinta ballistic, laakiin siinaya calaamadda ST dheeraad ah (tusaale SK L ST). Imtixaanada ballistic-ga si loo go'aamiyo fasalka hadda waxaa lagu dhex daray tilmaamaha VPAM, si ay imtixaanadu ugu kala duwanaadaan faahfaahin yar oo keliya hal imtixaan (SK 1) ayaa aad uga duwan tan 2008.

Miisaanka TR waa sida soo socota:

Heerka hubka	Ilaalinta
SK L 9×19mm Parabellum	Tijaabadani waxa ay ku salaysan tahay VPAM PM 2, laakiin waxa ay sidoo kale tijaabisaa tallaalada madhan. Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona saddex hits, oo laga soo riday 5±0.5 mitir, iyo sidoo kale darbo maran, oo ah: 8.0 ± 0.1 g (123 ± 1.54 gr) 9×19mm Parabellum DM41 FMJ-sanka wareega rasaasta rasaasta rasaasta ledhka ee xawliga ah 360±10 m/s (1181±33 ft/s)
SK 1 9×19mm Parabellum	Imtixaankan waxa uu ku salaysan yahay VPAM PM 3, laakiin waxa ay ku daraysaa laba wareeg oo booliis gaar ah, oo leh wax ka beddelka soo socda: Hubkaani wuxuu ka ilaalin doonaa seddex hits, laga soo riday 5±0.5 mitir xagal 25° ah, iyo sidoo kale 3 darbo oo banaan ah, oo ah: 8.0 ± 0.1 g (123 ± 1.54 gr) 9 × 19mm Parabellum DM41 FMJ-sanka wareega rasaasta rasaasta ledhka-xawaaraha 415±10 m/s 6.0 ± 0.1 g 9 × 19mm Parabellum QD-PEP II/S booliis gaar ah rasaas wareeg ah oo xawaare dhan 460± 10 m/s 6.1±0.1 g 9×19mm Parabellum Action 4 Booliis gaar ah rasaas wareeg ah oo xawaare dhan 460±10 m/s
SK 2 (PM 5) .357 Magnum	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona saddex hits, oo laga soo riday 5±0.5 mitir, ee: 7.1±0.1 g (109±1.54 gr) .357 Magnum FM-yada (naxaasta sanka ah) xabadaha xawaarahoodu yahay 580±10 m/s (1902±33 ft/s)
SK 3 (PM 7) 5.56×45mm 7.62×51mm	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona saddex hits, oo laga soo riday 10±0.5 mitir, ee: 4.0 ± 0.1 g (62 ± 1.54 gr) 5.56×45mm SS109/US: M855 FMJ xabadaha xawaarahoodu yahay 950±10 m/s (3116±33 ft/s) 9.55±0.1 g (147±1.54 gr) 7.62×51mm DM111 xabadaha birta-core xawaarahoodu yahay 830±10 m/s (2723±33 ft/s)
SK 4 (PM 9) 7.62×51mm	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona saddex hits, oo laga soo riday 10±0.5 mitir, ee: 9.7±0.2 g (149±3.08 gr) 7.62×51mm P80 rasaasta gaashaaman ee daloolinaysa xawaare dhan 820±10 m/s (2690±33 ft/s)

Jarmal TR guud ahaan waa la barbardhigi karaa NIJ-ga Ameerikaanka, laakiin Jarmalku TR wuxuu inta badan tijaabiyaa xaalado khatar ah, maadaama aysan jirin tallaalo bannaan iyo sidoo kale booliis gaar ah oo wareeg ah. Taas bedelkeeda NIJ waxay tijaabisay calibers ka weyn iyo nin sare oo joojinta awoodda. Iyo halka Jarmalku TR tijaabiyo calibers yar yar iyo rasaas fudud, waxay sidoo kale tijaabisaa wareegyo gardarro badan, maadaama tijaabadii ugu horeysay ay horay u isticmaashay rasaas FMJ ah, halka NIJ ay isticmaasho wareegyada FMJ caadiga ah. Intaa waxaa dheer SK 4, heerka ugu sarreeya ee ilaalinta, ayaa loo cayimay inuu u adkaysto saddex hits, halka Heerka IV uu u baahan yahay oo kaliya inuu u adkaysto hal garaac - inkastoo caliber weyn (7.62×63mm).

Heerka hubka ee HOSDB (Boqortooyada Ingiriiska)

waxay Waaxda Horumarinta Sayniska ee Xafiiska Arrimaha Guduhu maamusho heerarka iyo borotokoolka tijaabinta hubka jidhka bilayska.

Heerka hubka	Ilaalinta
HG1/A	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona lix (saddex loogu talagalay guddiga S-sized panel), oo laga soo riday 5 mitir, oo ah: 8.0 ± 0.1 g (123 ± 1.54 gr) 9×19mm Parabellum DM11 FMJ-sanka wareega rasaasta rasaasta rasaasta ledhka ee xawliga ah 365±10 m/s 10.2 ± 0.1 g (158 ± 1.54 gr) .357 Magnum R375M3 JSP xabadaha xawaarahoodu yahay 390±10 m/s
HG1	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona lix (saddex loogu talagalay guddiga S-sized panel), oo laga soo riday 5 mitir, oo ah: 8.0 ± 0.1 g (123 ± 1.54 gr) 9×19mm Parabellum DM11 FMJ-sanka wareega rasaasta rasaasta rasaasta ledhka ee xawliga ah 365±10 m/s 10.2 ± 0.1 g (158 ± 1.54 gr) .357 Magnum R375M3 JSP xabadaha xawaarahoodu yahay 390±10 m/s
HG2	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona lix (saddex loogu talagalay guddiga S-sized panel), oo laga soo riday 5 mitir, oo ah: 8.0 ± 0.1 g (123 ± 1.54 gr) 9 × 19mm Parabellum DM11 FMJ-sanka wareega rasaasta rasaasta rasaasta rasaasta ledhka ee xawliga ah 390±10 m/s 10.2 ± 0.1 g (158±1.54 gr) .357 Magnum R375M3 JSP xabadaha xawaarahoodu yahay 430±10 m/s
HG3	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona lix (saddex loogu talagalay guddiga S-sized panel), oo laga soo riday 10 mitir, oo ah: 4.0 ± 0.1 g (62 ± 1.54 gr) 5.56×45mm LE223T3 xabadaha xawaarahoodu yahay 750±15 m/s (3116±33 ft/s)
RF1	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona saddex hits, oo laga soo riday 10 mitir, oo ah: 9.3 ± 0.1 g (144 ± 1.54 gr) 7.62×51mm L2A2 FMJ xabadaha xawaarahoodu yahay 830±15 m/s (2723±33 ft/s)
RF2	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona saddex hits, oo laga soo riday 10 mitir, oo ah: 9.7±0.1 g (150±1.54 gr) 7.62×51mm L40A2 xabadaha birta ah ee xudunta u ah xawaaraha 850±15 m/s (2723±33 ft/s)
SG3	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona 1 garaac, oo laga soo rido 10 mitir, ee: 28.4 ± 0.1 g (437 ± 1.54 gr) 12 xawaarihiisa 435 ± 25 m/s

BFD (Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wajiga dambe) ee la cabbiro tallaal kasta ka dib, ugu badnaan la oggol yahay BFD ee fasalka HG1/A waa 44 mm (1.7 inji) iyo 25 mm (0.98 in) inta soo hadhay.

Heerka hubka GOST (Ruushka)

GOST R 50744-95 waa halbeegga Ruushka ee hubka jirka. Kahor dib-u-eegista 2017, heerarka hanjabaaddu waxay ka socdeen 1 ilaa 6. Waxaa xusid mudan, waxaa ku jiray hanjabaado daba-galka A, kaas oo tilmaamaya qiimaynta sare loo qaaday oo ka soo horjeeda qiimaynta hoos loo dhigay ee heerka NIJ.

Heerarka hore (kahor 2017) waa sida soo socota:

Heerka hubka	Ilaalinta
Fasalka 1 9×18mm Makarov 7.62×38mmR	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona shan hits, oo laga soo riday 5 mitir, oo ah: 5.9 g (91 gr) 9 × 18mm Makarov 57-N-181S xabadaha birta ah ee xudunta u ah xawaaraha 305-325 m/s (1000-1066 ft/s) 6.8 g (105 gr) 7.62×38mmR 57-N-122 rasaasta xudunta u ah rasaasta ledhka xawaartoodu tahay 275-295 m/s (902-968 ft/s).
Fasalka 2 5.45×18mm 7.62×25mm Tokarev	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona shan hits, oo laga soo riday 5 mitir, oo ah: 2.5 g (38.6 gr) 5.45×18mm birta-core MPC 7N7 xabbadood oo xawaarkiisu yahay 310-335 m/s (1017-1099 ft/s) 5.5 g (84.8 gr) 7.62×25mm Tokarev xabadaha birta ah ee xudunta u ah xawaare dhan 415-445 m/s (1361-1460 ft/s)
Fasalka 2A 12 cabbir	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona shan hits, oo laga soo riday 5 mitir, oo ah: 35 g (540 gr) 12 cabbiraadda 'lead-core' 'Hunter' xabadaha xawliga ah 390-410 m/s (1279-1345 ft/s)
Fasalka 3 5.45×39mm 7.62×39mm	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona saddex hits, oo laga soo riday 5.10 mitir, ee: 3.4 g (52 gr) 5.45×39mm 7N6 (PS) xabadaha adag ee birta ah ee xudunta u ah xawaare dhan 890-910 m/s (2920-2985 ft/s) 7.9 g (122 gr) 7.62×39mm 57-N-231 (PS) xabadaha birta adag ee adag ee xawaarahoodu yahay 710-740 m/s (2329-2427 ft/s)
Fasalka 4 5.45×39mm	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona saddex hits, oo laga soo riday 5.10 mitir, ee: 3.4 g (52 gr) 5.45×39mm 7N10 (PP) xabadaha birta adag ee adag ee xawaarahoodu yahay 890-910 m/s (2920-2985 ft/s)
Fasalka 5 7.62×54mmR 7.62×39mm	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona saddex hits, oo laga soo riday 5.10 mitir, ee: 9.6 g (148 gr) 7.62×54mmR 57-N-323S xabadaha birta ah ee xudunta u ah xawaaraha 820-840 m/s (2690-2756 ft/s) 7.9 g (122 gr) 7.62×39mm 57-N-231 (PS) xabadaha birta adag ee adag ee xawaarahoodu yahay 710-740 m/s (2329-2427 ft/s)
Fasalka 5A 7.62×39mm	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona saddex hits, oo laga soo riday 5.10 mitir, ee: 7.4 g (114 gr) 7.62×39mm 57-BZ-231 (BZ API) rasaasta hurda-hubka ah ee xawaaraheedu yahay 720-750 m/s (2362-2460 ft/s).
Fasalka 6 7.62×54mmR	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona saddex hits, oo laga soo riday 5.10 mitir, ee: 9.6 g (148 gr) 7.62×54mmR ST-M2 xabadaha adag ee birta ah ee xudunta u ah xawaare dhan 820-840 m/s (2690-2756 ft/s)
Fasalka 6A 7.62×54mmR	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona saddex hits, oo laga soo riday 5.10 mitir, ee: 10.4 g (160 gr) 7.62×54mmR 7-BZ-3 (B32 API) rasaasta hurda u ah ee daloosha oo xawaare dhan 800-835 m/s (2624-2739 ft/s)

Dib-u-eegistii 2017, heerarku si weyn ayay isu beddeleen. Fasalada khatarta ahi waxay hadda u dhexeeyaan BR1 ilaa BR6. Fasallada 'A' ee ku-xiran waa la tirtiray, hanjabaadoodii imtixaanna waxaa lagu daray qaybaha cusub, sida Fasallada 6 iyo 6A oo loo raray Fasalka BR5, ama laga saaray gebi ahaan, sida xaaladda fasalka 2A. Intaa waxaa dheer, dhowr ka mid ah heerarka halista ayaa la kordhiyay iyadoo ay adag tahay soo bandhigida hanjabaadaha cusub ee imtixaanada; Gaar ahaan waa hordhaca fasalka BR6, kaas oo u baahan hubka la tijaabiyay si uu u noolaado seddex hits oo ah 12.7 × 108mm B32 API. In kasta oo ay jiraan hanjabaadaha tijaabada ee aadka u adag, 16 mm (0.63 in) xadka qallafsanaanta wajiga dambe ayaa ah mid aan isbeddelin.

Heerarka la cusboonaysiiyay ee dib u eegista 2017 waa sida soo socota:

Heerka hubka	Ilaalinta
BR1 9×18mm Makarov	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona shan hits, laga soo riday 5±0.1, mitir oo: 5.9 g (91 gr) 9×18mm Makarov 57-N-181S xabadaha birta ah ee xudunta u ah Stechkin APS oo xawaarkeedu yahay 335±10 m/s (1199±33 ft/s)
BR2 9×21mm Gyurza	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona shan hits, oo laga soo riday 5±0.1 mitir, ee: 7.93 g (122 gr) 9×21mm Gyurza 7N28 rasaasta asaasiga ah ee SR-1 Vektor oo xawaarkeedu yahay 390±10 m/s (1279±33 ft/s)
BR3 9×19mm Parabellum	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona shan hits, oo laga soo riday 5±0.1 mitir, ee: 5.2 g (80 gr) 9 × 19mm Parabellum 7N21 xabadaha adag ee birta ah ee xudunta u ah MP-443 Grach oo xawaare dhan 455± 10 m/s (1492± 33 ft/s)
BR4 5.45×39mm 7.62×39mm	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona saddex hits, oo laga soo riday 10±0.1 mitir, ee: 3.4 g (52 gr) 5.45×39mm 7N10 (PP) xabadaha birta adag ee adag ee AK-74 xawaarahoodu yahay 895±15 m/s (2936±49 ft/s) 7.9 g (122 gr) 7.62×39mm 57-N-231 (PS) xabadaha adag ee birta ah ee xudunta u ah AKM xawaarahoodu yahay 720±15 m/s (2362±49 ft/s)
BR5 7.62×54mmR	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona saddex hits, oo laga soo riday 10±0.1 mitir, ee: 9.4 g (148 gr) 7.62×54mmR 7N13 (PP) xabadaha birta adag ee adag ee ka yimid qoriga toogte ee SVD xawaarkiisu yahay 830± 15 m/s (2723±49 ft/s) 7.9 g (122 gr) 7.62×54mmR 7BZ3 API (hubaal huda ah) rasaasta ka socota qoriga toogte ee SVD xawaarkiisu yahay 810±15 m/s (2657±49 ft/s)
BR6 12.7×108mm	Hubkan ayaa ka ilaalin doona saddex hits, oo laga soo riday 50±0.5 mitir, ee: 48.2 g (743.8 gr) 12.7×108mm 57-BZ-542 API (hub-daloolida dabka) rasaasta ka timaadda qoriga toogte ee OSV-96 oo xawaare dhan 830±20 m/s (2723±65 ft/s).

Gaaska gaashaandhigga GA141 (Shiinaha)

Shiinaha Wasaaradda Amniga Dadweynaha ee waxay ilaalisay GA141 , dukumeenti caadi ah oo lagu qeexayo iska caabbinta ballistic ee hubka bilayska, tan iyo 1996. Laga bilaabo 2023, dib u eegistii ugu dambeysay waa GA141-2010. Heerku wuxuu qeexayaa darajooyinka soo socda isagoo isticmaalaya hubka guriga:

Heerka hubka	Ilaalinta
GA 1 7.62×17mm	Xabad jaakad leh oo naxaas ah oo ah 4.87 g (0.172 oz) cuf ah 320±10 m/s, sida laga toogtay nooca 64 ama nooca 77 bastoolad.
GA 2 7.62×25mm Tokarev (Bastoolad)	Xabad jaakad leh oo naxaas ah oo ah 5.6 g (0.20 oz) cuf ah 445±10 m/s, sida laga toogtay nooca 54 bastoolad.
GA 3 7.62×25mm Tokarev (SMG)	Xabad la mid ah tan sare, laakiin leh xawaare dhan 515±10 m/s, sida laga toogtay nooca 79 qoriga submachine.
GA 4 7.62×25mm Tokarev AP (SMG)	Rasaasta birta ku xidhan ee 5.68 g (0.200 oz) cufka ah 515±10 m/s, sida laga toogtay nooca 79 qoriga submachine.
GA 5 7.62×39mm	Rasaasta birta ah, 8.05 g (0.284 oz) cuf dhan 725±10 m/s, sida laga toogtay nooca 56 ama nooca 81 qoriga weerarka.
GA 6 7.62×54mmR	Rasaasta birta ah, 9.6 g (0.34 oz) cuf dhan 830±10 / s m .

Heerarka ka sarreeya 6 waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay 'special' Heerarka 1 ilaa 5 waa in lagu tijaabiyaa 6 tallaal. Heerka 6 waa in lagu tijaabiyaa 2 tallaal.

Lifaaqa A wuxuu qeexayaa isticmaalka buundooyinka GA ee lidka ku ah hanjabaadaha 'caadiga ah' ee kale. 9 × 18mm Makarov waxaa loo qoondeeyay GA 1, 9 × 19mm GA 2, 9 × 19mm AP (birta) iyo 5.8 × 21mm DAP92 AP ilaa GA 4, 5.8×42mm DBP87 in GA 6, iyo 'nooca 53' 7.62×54mmR API si 'grade'.