Ra'ayoyi: 0 Mawallafi: Lokacin Buga Editan Yanar Gizo: 2025-06-10 Asalin: Shafin
Daga Wikipedia, encyclopedia na kyauta
Matsayin aikin sulke na jiki jeri ne da hukumomin ƙasa suka samar, na buƙatun don yin amfani da sulke da dogaro, wanda ke nuna a fili abin da sulke zai iya kuma ba zai yi nasara ba. Ƙasashe daban-daban suna da ma'auni daban-daban, waɗanda ƙila sun haɗa da barazanar da ba a cikin wasu ƙasashe.
| Matsayin Armor | Kariya |
Mataki na I
|
Wannan sulke zai kare
Ba ya cikin ma'auni |
Babban darajar IIA
|
Sabbin sulke suna kariya daga:
Makamai masu kwandishan suna karewa
Hakanan yana ba da kariya daga barazanar da aka ambata a cikin [Nau'in I] |
Mataki na II
|
Sabbin sulke suna kariya
Makamai masu kwandishan suna karewa
Hakanan yana ba da kariya daga barazanar da aka ambata a cikin [Nau'in I da IIA]. |
Darasi na IIIA
|
Sabbin sulke suna kariya
Makamai masu kwandishan suna karewa
Hakanan yana ba da kariya daga yawancin barazanar bindiga, da kuma barazanar da aka ambata a cikin [Nau'in I, IIA, da II]. |
Mataki na III
|
Makamai masu kwandishan suna karewa
Hakanan yana ba da kariya daga barazanar da aka ambata a cikin [Nau'in I, IIA, II, da IIIA]. |
Mataki na IV
|
Makamai masu kwandishan suna karewa
Hakanan yana ba da aƙalla kariya guda ɗaya daga barazanar da aka ambata a cikin [Nau'in I, IIA, II, IIIA, da III] |
' Barazana na Musamman ' sune kima na sulke waɗanda ke ba da kariya daga takamaiman majigi. Misali, jagororin NIJ ba su da wani takamaiman bayani game da sulke da zai iya hana M855 sokin sulke. A sakamakon haka, wasu masana'antun sun sanya takamaiman makamai a matsayin 'Level III+' (wani nadi da NIJ ba ta gane ba) don ƙayyade sulke wanda ke da kariya har zuwa matakin III kuma zai iya kare kariya daga barazana ta musamman kamar M855, amma bai ba da kariya ta matakin IV ba.
A cikin Afrilu 2024, NIJ ta fara gwaji tare da NIJ Standard-0101.07 tare da NIJ Standard-0123.00. NIJ Standard-0101.07 yana zayyana hanyoyin gwaji, yayin da NIJ Standard-0123.00 ke bayyana matakan kariya na ballistic. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin gaba ɗaya sun maye gurbin NIJ Standard-0101.06. An ƙididdige HG don barazanar bindigar hannu kuma an ƙididdige RF don barazanar bindiga.
| Matsayin Armor | Kariya |
Farashin HG1
|
Wannan sulke zai kare daga:
Wannan yayi kusan daidai da matakin kariya na ballistic matakin NIJ Level II. |
Farashin HG2
|
Wannan sulke zai kare daga:
Wannan yayi kusan daidai da wanda aka daina amfani da shi da matakin kariya na ballistic Level IIIA na NIJ. |
Farashin RF1
|
Wannan sulke zai kare daga:
Wannan yayi kusan daidai da matakin kariya na ballistic matakin NIJ Level III. |
Farashin RF2
|
Wannan sulke zai kare daga:
Wannan yayi daidai da kariyar ballistic da NIJ RF1 ke bayarwa, tare da ƙari na 5.56x45mm M855. Wannan matakin ba shi da kwatankwacin daidaitaccen ma'aunin NIJ-0101.06. |
Farashin RF3
|
Wannan sulke zai kare daga:
Wannan yayi kusan daidai da wanda ba a gama ba matakin NIJ Level IV matakin kariyar ballistic. |
Ana amfani da ma'aunin NIJ don yin amfani da sulke na tilasta bin doka. Makaman da sojojin Amurka ke amfani da su ba a buƙatar a gwada su a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin NIJ. Ana gwada kayan sulke don duka juriyar shigar da harsasai da kuma tasirin tasirin da ake watsawa ga mai sawa.
An bayyana nakasar bangon baya a NIJ Standard-0101.07 a matsayin 'shiga cikin kayan goyan baya wanda ya haifar da tasiri akan abin gwajin yayin gwaji'[10] Ana auna ta ta hanyar sulke da aka ɗora a gaban kayan tallafi, galibi yumbu na ƙirar mai. Ana amfani da yumbu a yanayin zafi mai sarrafawa kuma an tabbatar da tasirin tasiri kafin gwaji. Bayan an yi tasirin makamai tare da harsashi na gwaji, an cire rigar daga yumbu kuma ana auna zurfin shiga cikin yumbu.
Wasu sulke da aka gwada ƙarƙashin NIJ Standard-0101.07 suna da sharadi kafin gwaji, ma'ana an shigar da su ga abubuwan damuwa kamar nutsewa, girgiza, ko tasiri. An nuna waɗannan abubuwan damuwa a wasu lokuta don lalata aikin wasu kayan sulke. Gudun gwajin-zagaye na sulke sulke daidai yake da na sulke maras sharadi yayin gwaji, yayin da a ma'aunin da ya gabata da matakan sun bambanta. Misali, a karkashin NIJ Standard-0101.06, da sharadin Level IIIA da an harbe shi da .44 Magnum zagaye a 408 m/s (1,340 ft/s), yayin da unconditioned Level IIIA za a harbe a 436 m/s (1,430 ft/s). Karkashin NIJ Standard-0101.07, saurin da aka yi amfani da shi don gwada yanayin sulke da sulke sulke iri ɗaya ne. An tsara hanyoyin kwantar da makamai a cikin ASTM E3078 Standard Practice for Conditioning of Hard Armor Testing Testing.
Gabaɗaya, kayan sulke na ɗan lokaci yana ƙasƙanta lokacin da aka jika.[Abinda ake buƙata] A sakamakon haka, manyan ƙa'idodin gwaji suna buƙatar gwajin rigar sulke. Ba a san hanyoyin yin wannan asarar aikin ba. Ba a nuna ruwan tsaka-tsaki a lokacin ɗaki ba a cikin gwaji don yin mummunan tasiri akan aikin para-aramid ko UHMWPE amma acidic, asali da wasu hanyoyin magance su na iya rage ƙarfin ƙarfin firam ɗin para-aramid na dindindin.
Daga 2003 zuwa 2005, US-NIJ ta gudanar da wani babban bincike na lalata muhalli na Zylon sulke. Wannan ya ƙarasa da cewa ruwa, amfani na dogon lokaci, da kuma yanayin zafi yana tasiri sosai ga ƙarfin ƙarfi da aikin ballistic na PBO ko Zylon fiber. Wannan binciken NIJ akan riguna da aka dawo daga filin ya nuna cewa tasirin muhalli akan Zylon ya haifar da gazawar ballistic a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji.
Matsayin juriya na NIJ (Standard-0115.00) sun bayyana matakan kariya guda uku:
Makamashi na matakin 1 ƙananan kariyar kariya ce ta dace da tsawaita lalacewa kuma yawanci a ɓoye ne. Wannan sulke yana karewa daga barazanar wuka tare da yajin kuzari na 24± 0.50 J (17.7± 0.36 ft·lbf). Mafi girman yanayin wannan matakin shine 36 ± 0.60 J (26.6 ± 0.44 ft · lbf).
Makamashi mataki na 2 kariya ce ta matsakaiciyar matakin da ta dace da tsawaita lalacewa kuma maiyuwa ta kasance a bayyane ko a boye. Wannan sulke yana kare kariya daga barazanar wuka tare da yajin kuzari na 33± 0.60 J (24.3± 0.44 ft · lbf). Mafi girman yanayin wannan matakin shine 50 ± 0.70 J (36.9 ± 0.51 ft · lbf).
Mataki na 3 babban kariyar kariya ce ta dace da lalacewa a cikin yanayi mai haɗari kuma yawanci a bayyane yake. Wannan sulke yana karewa daga barazanar wuka tare da yajin kuzari na 43± 0.60 J (31.7± 0.44 ft·lbf). Mafi girman yanayin wannan matakin shine 65 ± 0.80 J (47.9 ± 0.59 ft · lbf).
Ga dukkan matakan ukun, matsakaicin iyakar ruwa ko shigar karu da aka yarda shine 7 mm (0.28 in), tare da ƙayyade wannan iyaka ta hanyar bincike da ke nuna cewa raunin ciki ga gabobin zai yi wuya a wannan zurfin shigar. Mafi girman yanayin, wanda aka yi niyya don tabbatar da isasshiyar tsaro a cikin ƙirar sulke, yana ba da izinin iyakar ruwa ko karu na 20 mm (0.79 in).
Ma'auni ba zai magance juriya kai tsaye ba kuma a maimakon haka ya lura cewa, tun da barazanar sokewa ta fi wahalar kayar, duk wani sulke da zai iya kayar da barazanar wuka shima zai kayar da barazanar sara.
