Matsayin Makamashin Ƙasar Turai da Asiya

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Matsayin aikin sulke na jiki jeri ne da hukumomin ƙasa suka samar, na buƙatun don yin amfani da sulke da dogaro, wanda ke nuna a fili abin da sulke zai iya kuma ba zai yi nasara ba. Ƙasashe daban-daban suna da ma'auni daban-daban, waɗanda ƙila sun haɗa da barazanar da ba a cikin wasu ƙasashe.

TR Armor Standard (Jamus)

Technische Richtlinie (TR) Ballistische Schutzwesten jagora ne na ƙa'ida a Jamus don kayan sulke na jiki. Ana ba da shi ne don kayan sulke da 'yan sandan Jamus ke amfani da shi, amma kuma ga sojojin Jamus da makaman fararen hula. Masu samarwa dole ne su cika ka'idojin TR, idan suna son shiga cikin fayyace gasa da hukumomin Jamus suka yi. TR ya ƙayyade Schutzklassen daban-daban (SK), wanda ke fassara zuwa azuzuwan kariya , wanda kayan yaƙi na jiki zai iya samu. Ya ƙayyade nau'o'i daban-daban guda biyar daga L zuwa 4 na kariyar ballistic (misali SK 4). Hakanan yana ba da ƙayyadaddun bayanai don ƙarin Stichschutz (ST), kariya daga wuƙaƙe, ta amfani da azuzuwan iri ɗaya kamar kariyar ballistic, amma tana ba shi ƙarin alamar ST (misali SK L ST). Gwaje-gwajen ballistic don tantance aji yanzu an haɗa su cikin jagororin VPAM, ta yadda gwaje-gwajen suka bambanta kawai cikin ƙananan bayanai kuma gwaji ɗaya kawai (SK 1) ya bambanta sosai kamar na 2008.

Ma'aunin TR shine kamar haka:

Matsayin Armor	Kariya
SK L 9 × 19mm Parabellum	Wannan gwajin ya dogara ne akan VPAM PM 2, amma yana gwada kuma don harbi mara tushe. Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu uku, wanda aka harba daga mita 5± 0.5, da kuma harbin-baki, na: 8.0 ± 0.1 g (123 ± 1.54 gr) 9 × 19mm Parabellum DM41 FMJ zagaye-hanci gubar-core harsasai a gudun 360 ± 10 m / s (1181 ± 33 ft / s)
SK 1 9 × 19mm Parabellum	Wannan gwajin ya dogara ne akan VPAM PM 3, amma yana ƙara zagaye na musamman na 'yan sanda guda biyu, tare da gyare-gyare masu zuwa: Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu uku, wanda aka harba daga mita 5±0.5 a kusurwar 25°, da kuma harbin 3 a wuri-blank, na: 8.0 ± 0.1 g (123 ± 1.54 gr) 9 × 19mm Parabellum DM41 FMJ zagaye-hanci gubar-core harsasai a gudun 415± 10 m/s 6.0 ± 0.1 g 9 × 19mm Parabellum QD-PEP II/S 'yan sanda na musamman zagaye harsasai a cikin gudun 460± 10 m/s 6.1 ± 0.1 g 9 × 19mm Parabellum Action 4 'yan sanda na musamman zagaye harsashi a cikin gudun 460± 10 m/s
SK 2 (PM 5) .357 Magnum	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu uku, wanda aka harba daga mita 5± 0.5, na: 7.1 ± 0.1 g (109 ± 1.54 gr) .357 Magnum FMs (tagulla a hanci) harsashi a saurin 580± 10 m/s (1902± 33 ft/s)
SK 3 (PM 7) 5.56×45mm 7.62×51mm	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu uku, wanda aka harba daga mita 10± 0.5, na: 4.0 ± 0.1 g (62 ± 1.54 gr) 5.56 × 45mm SS109/US: M855 FMJ harsasai a saurin 950± 10 m/s (3116± 33 ft/s) 9.55 ± 0.1 g (147 ± 1.54 gr) 7.62 × 51mm DM111 karfe-core harsasai a gudun 830± 10 m/s (2723 ± 33 ft/s)
SK 4 (PM 9) 7.62×51mm	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu uku, wanda aka harba daga mita 10± 0.5, na: 9.7±0.2 g (149±3.08 gr) 7.62×51mm P80 harsasai masu huda sulke a saurin 820±10 m/s (2690±33 ft/s)

Jamusanci TR gabaɗaya suna kwatankwacin NIJ na Amurka, amma Jamusanci TR yawanci yana gwada ƙarin al'amuran barazana, saboda babu harbe-harbe marasa ma'ana haka kuma babu zagaye na musamman na 'yan sanda. Sabanin gwajin NIJ na manyan ma'auni da mafi girman ikon dakatar da mutum. Kuma yayin da Jamusanci TR ke gwada ƙananan ma'auni da ƙananan harsasai, yana kuma gwada ƙarin zagayawa, saboda gwajin farko ya riga ya yi amfani da harsasai na FMJ na karfe, yayin da NIJ ke amfani da zagaye na FMJ na yau da kullum. Bugu da kari SK 4, ajin mafi girma na kariya, an kayyade shi don jure bugu uku, yayin da Level IV yana buƙatar jure bugun guda ɗaya kawai - ko da yake ta babban ma'auni (7.62 × 63mm).

Matsayin sulke na HOSDB (United Kingdom)

Ofishin Ci gaban Kimiyyar Kimiyya na Ofishin Gida yana gudanar da ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodin gwaji don makaman jikin 'yan sanda.

Matsayin Armor	Kariya
HG1/A	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu shida (uku don girman S-sized panel), wanda aka harba daga mita 5, na: 8.0 ± 0.1 g (123 ± 1.54 gr) 9 × 19mm Parabellum DM11 FMJ zagaye-hanci gubar-core harsasai a gudun 365± 10 m/s 10.2 ± 0.1 g (158 ± 1.54 gr) .357 Magnum R375M3 JSP harsasai a gudun 390± 10 m/s
HG1	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu shida (uku don girman S-sized panel), wanda aka harba daga mita 5, na: 8.0 ± 0.1 g (123 ± 1.54 gr) 9 × 19mm Parabellum DM11 FMJ zagaye-hanci gubar-core harsasai a gudun 365± 10 m/s 10.2 ± 0.1 g (158 ± 1.54 gr) .357 Magnum R375M3 JSP harsasai a gudun 390± 10 m/s
HG2	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu shida (uku don girman S-sized panel), wanda aka harba daga mita 5, na: 8.0 ± 0.1 g (123 ± 1.54 gr) 9 × 19mm Parabellum DM11 FMJ zagaye-hanci gubar-core harsasai a gudun 390± 10 m/s 10.2 ± 0.1 g (158 ± 1.54 gr) .357 Magnum R375M3 JSP harsasai a gudun 430± 10 m/s
HG3	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu shida (uku don girman S-sized panel), wanda aka harba daga mita 10, na: 4.0 ± 0.1 g (62 ± 1.54 gr) 5.56 × 45mm LE223T3 harsasai a saurin 750± 15 m/s (3116± 33 ft/s)
RF1	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu uku, da aka harba daga mita 10, na: 9.3 ± 0.1 g (144 ± 1.54 gr) 7.62 × 51mm L2A2 FMJ harsasai a saurin 830± 15 m/s (2723± 33 ft/s)
Farashin RF2	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu uku, da aka harba daga mita 10, na: 9.7 ± 0.1 g (150 ± 1.54 gr) 7.62 × 51mm L40A2 karfe-core harsasai a gudun 850± 15 m/s (2723 ± 33 ft/s)
SG3	Wannan sulke zai kare daga bugun 1, wanda aka harba daga mita 10, na: 28.4 ± 0.1 g (437 ± 1.54 gr) 12 ma'auni rifled gubar slug a saurin 435 ± 25 m/s

BFD (Lalacewar Fuskar Baya) da za a auna bayan kowane harbi, matsakaicin izinin BFD don ajin HG1/A shine 44 mm (1.7 in) da 25 mm (0.98 in) na sauran.

Matsayin sulke na GOST (Rasha)

GOST R 50744-95 shine ma'auni na Tarayyar Rasha don makamai na jiki. Kafin sake fasalin 2017, matakan barazanar sun tashi daga 1 zuwa 6. Abin lura, ya haɗa da barazana tare da kari A, wanda ke nuna haɓakar ƙididdiga sabanin raguwar ƙima a cikin ma'aunin NIJ.

Ma'auni na tsohuwar (pre-2017) sune kamar haka:

Matsayin Armor	Kariya
Darasi na 1 9 × 18mm Makarov 7.62×38mmR	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu biyar, da aka harba daga mita 5, na: 5.9g (91gr) 9×18mm Makarov 57-N-181S karfe-core harsasai a gudun 305-325 m/s (1000-1066 ft/s) 6.8 g (105 gr) 7.62×38mmR 57-N-122 manyan harsasai na gubar a cikin saurin 275-295 m/s (902-968 ft/s).
Darasi na 2 5.45×18mm 7.62×25mm Tokarev	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu biyar, da aka harba daga mita 5, na: 2.5g (38.6 gr) 5.45×18mm karfe-core MPC 7N7 harsasai a gudun 310-335 m/s (1017-1099 ft/s) 5.5g (84.8 gr) 7.62×25mm Tokarev karfe-core harsasai a gudun 415-445 m/s (1361-1460 ft/s)
Darasi na 2A 12 gwaggo	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu biyar, da aka harba daga mita 5, na: 35 g (540 gr) 12 ma'auni gubar-core 'Hunter' harbe-harbe a gudun 390-410 m/s (1279-1345 ft/s)
Darasi na 3 5.45×39mm 7.62×39mm	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu uku, da aka harba daga mita 5.10, na: 3.4g (52 gr) 5.45 × 39mm 7N6 (PS) harsasai masu taurin ƙarfe-ƙarfe a saurin 890-910 m/s (2920-2985 ft/s) 7.9g (122 gr) 7.62 × 39mm 57-N-231 (PS) harsasai masu ƙarfi na ƙarfe-ƙarfe a saurin 710-740 m/s (2329-2427 ft/s)
Darasi na 4 5.45×39mm	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu uku, da aka harba daga mita 5.10, na: 3.4g (52 gr) 5.45 × 39mm 7N10 (PP) harsasai masu taurin karfe a saurin 890-910 m/s (2920-2985 ft/s)
Darasi na 5 7.62×54mmR 7.62×39mm	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu uku, da aka harba daga mita 5.10, na: 9.6 g (148 gr) 7.62×54mmR 57-N-323S karfe-core harsasai a gudun 820-840 m/s (2690-2756 ft/s) 7.9g (122 gr) 7.62 × 39mm 57-N-231 (PS) harsasai masu ƙarfi na ƙarfe-ƙarfe a saurin 710-740 m/s (2329-2427 ft/s)
Darasi na 5A 7.62×39mm	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu uku, da aka harba daga mita 5.10, na: 7.4 g (114 gr) 7.62×39mm 57-BZ-231 (BZ API) harsasai masu tayar da sulke masu sulke a saurin 720-750 m/s (2362-2460 ft/s).
Darasi na 6 7.62×54mmR	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu uku, da aka harba daga mita 5.10, na: 9.6 g (148 gr) 7.62×54mmR ST-M2 taurare karfe-core harsasai a gudun 820-840 m/s (2690-2756 ft/s)
Darasi na 6A 7.62×54mmR	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu uku, da aka harba daga mita 5.10, na: 10.4 g (160 gr) 7.62×54mmR 7-BZ-3 (B32 API) harsasai masu hura sulke masu sulke a saurin 800-835 m/s (2624-2739 ft/s)

Tare da bita na 2017, ƙa'idodin sun canza sosai. Azuzuwan barazanar yanzu suna daga BR1 zuwa BR6. An kawar da azuzuwan 'A', kuma barazanar gwajin su ko dai an haɗa su zuwa cikin sabbin nau'ikan, kamar su Azuzuwan 6 da 6A an ƙaura zuwa Class BR5, ko kuma an cire su gaba ɗaya, kamar na Class 2A. Bugu da ƙari, da yawa daga cikin matakan barazanar an ƙara su cikin wahala tare da gabatar da sabbin barazanar gwaji; mafi mahimmanci shine gabatarwar Class BR6, wanda ke buƙatar gwajin sulke don tsira da nasara uku na 12.7 × 108mm B32 API. Duk da mafi tsananin barazanar gwajin, 16 mm (0.63 in) iyakar lalacewar fuskar baya ta kasance ba ta canzawa.

Ka'idojin da aka sabunta daga bita na 2017 sune kamar haka:

Matsayin Armor	Kariya
Farashin BR1 9 × 18mm Makarov	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu biyar, wanda aka harba daga 5± 0.1, mita na: 5.9 g (91 gr) 9 × 18mm Makarov 57-N-181S karfe-core harsasai daga wani Stechkin APS a gudun 335± 10 m/s (1199± 33 ft/s)
Farashin BR2 9 × 21mm Gyurza	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu biyar, wanda aka harba daga mita 5±0.1, na: 7.93 g (122 gr) 9 × 21mm Gyurza 7N28 harsasai masu guba daga SR-1 Vektor a cikin saurin 390± 10 m/s (1279± 33 ft/s)
Farashin BR3 9 × 19mm Parabellum	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu biyar, wanda aka harba daga mita 5±0.1, na: 5.2 g (80 gr) 9 × 19mm Parabellum 7N21 harsashi mai taurin karfe-core daga MP-443 Grach a saurin 455± 10 m/s (1492± 33 ft/s)
Farashin BR4 5.45×39mm 7.62×39mm	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugun uku, wanda aka harba daga mita 10± 0.1, na: 3.4g (52 gr) 5.45 × 39mm 7N10 (PP) harsasai masu taurin karfe daga AK-74 a saurin 895± 15 m/s (2936±49 ft/s) 7.9g (122 gr) 7.62 × 39mm 57-N-231 (PS) harsasai na karfe-core daga AKM a saurin 720± 15 m/s (2362± 49 ft/s)
Farashin BR5 7.62×54mmR	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugun uku, wanda aka harba daga mita 10± 0.1, na: 9.4 g (148 gr) 7.62 × 54mmR 7N13 (PP) harsasai na ƙarfe-ƙarfe daga bindigar maharbi na SVD a saurin 830± 15 m/s (2723±49 ft/s) 7.9 g (122 gr) 7.62 × 54mmR 7BZ3 API (harsashi mai huda wuta) daga bindigar maharbi na SVD a saurin 810± 15 m/s (2657±49 ft/s)
Farashin BR6 12.7×108mm	Wannan sulke zai kare kariya daga bugu uku, wanda aka harba daga mita 50±0.5, na: 48.2 g (743.8 gr) 12.7 × 108mm 57-BZ-542 API (harsashi masu hura wuta) daga bindigar maharbi OSV-96 a saurin 830± 20 m/s (2723±65 ft/s).

Matsayin sulke GA141 (China)

ta kasar Sin Ma'aikatar tsaron jama'a ta kiyaye GA141 , wani misali daftarin aiki don kwatanta juriya na makamai masu linzami na 'yan sanda, tun daga 1996. Ya zuwa 2023, sabon bita ga GA141-2010. Ma'aunin ya bayyana ma'auni masu zuwa ta amfani da makaman gida:

Matsayin Armor	Kariya
GA 1 7.62×17mm	Harsashin jaket na jan karfe na 4.87 g (0.172 oz) taro a 320± 10 m/s, kamar yadda aka harbe daga nau'in 64 ko nau'in bindiga 77.
GA 2 7.62×25mm Tokarev (Pistol)	Harsashin jaket ɗin jan karfe na 5.6 g (0.20 oz) taro a 445± 10 m/s, kamar yadda harbi daga bindiga irin 54.
GA 3 7.62×25mm Tokarev (SMG)	Harsashi iri ɗaya kamar na sama, amma tare da saurin 515 ± 10 m / s, kamar yadda aka harbe shi daga wani nau'in gunkin submachine 79.
GA 4 7.62×25mm Tokarev AP (SMG)	Harsashin ƙarfe na 5.68 g (0.200 oz) taro a 515 ± 10 m / s, kamar yadda aka harbe shi daga wani nau'in bindigar submachine 79.
GA 5 7.62×39mm	Harsashi mai mahimmanci, 8.05 g (0.284 oz) taro a 725 ± 10 m / s, kamar yadda harbi daga nau'in 56 ko nau'in bindiga 81.
GA 6 7.62×54mmR	Karfe-core harsashi, 9.6 g (0.34 oz) taro a 830± 10 m/s, kamar yadda harbi daga nau'in 79 ko nau'in 85 maharbi bindiga.

Matakai sama da 6 ana yiwa alama 'na musamman'. Za a gwada matakan 1 zuwa 5 da harbi 6. Za a gwada matakin 6 da harbi 2.

Annex A yana bayyana amfani da maki GA akan sauran barazanar 'na kowa'. 9 × 18mm Makarov an sanya shi ga GA 1, 9 × 19mm zuwa GA 2, 9 × 19mm AP (karfe) da 5.8 × 21mm DAP92 AP zuwa GA 4, 5.8 × 42mm DBP87 zuwa GA 6, da kuma 'nau'in 53' 7.62 × 54mmR API zuwa 'grade.